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History's Hinge - 'Ain Jalut

[moneypenny]

I thought it might be helpful to some viewers to have a quick chart of the Kings of Spain that could be referenced quickly. I am starting with Ferdinand/Isabella because that's when Spain's world expanded across the ocean with Christopher Columbus, and the story of New World coinage begins.

ISABELLA I & FERDINAND II - married in 1469. Joint reign began 1479. They helped Columbus in 1492, and that same year conquered the last Moorish stronghold in Spain - Grenada, uniting Spain.   REIGN - 1474-1516

CHARLES(CARLOS) I & JUANA - Charles was Juana's son, born in 1500. His grandfather, King Ferdinand died in 1516.  This story is very convoluted (and fascinating), but suffice to say, Juana ruled in name only, as she was mentally unstable.  Charles was young, but Spain reached it's zenith in the New World during his reign, which lasted till he abdicated to his son in 1556.  REIGN - 1516-1556

PHILIP II - Charles' son. First Hapsburg king.  Spanish Armada defeated during his reign in 1588.  REIGN - 1556-1598

PHILIP III - First dated coins during his rule. Fought the '30 Years War' with France.  REIGN - 1598-1621

PHILIP IV - King when the treasure fleet (including the 'Atocha') sank in 1622.  Changed cob design to 'Pillars & Waves' after the Mint scandal in 1650. REIGN - 1621-1665

CHARLES II - Died without an heir, so willed throne to his nephew, Philip V. REIGN - 1665-1700

PHILIP V - First Bourbon king. (grandson of Louis XIV). 1715 and 1733 Fleet sank during his rule.  First Pillar dollars minted. He had two reigns in reality, as he abdicated to his son Luis in 1724, but Luis died 9 months later, and his father was restored to the throne.  REIGN - 1700-1746

FERDINAND VI - youngest son of Philip V.  REIGN - 1746-1759

CHARLES III - Son of Philip V.  First bust dollar minted 1772.  REIGN - 1759-1788

After this king we have the American Independence and times change drastically for Spain.  Coins are now machine made.

[Ninetyninestar]

Something that will save time in the future, is there recommended reading available for each period and heir? Thanks for the great intel

[moneypenny]

Thanks 99*, hope it will be helpful to you.  I hope you are aware of the fantastic research bibliography Diving Doc has posted on this forum under it's own topic, "Research Reference Library".  In it you will find many books that will interest you on this subject.  A few that I have found useful are:
Spain Under the Habsburgs Vol. 1 & 2 - John Lynch
The Spanish Seaborne Empire - J.H. Parry
Imperial Spain - J. H. Elliott 

As an aside, a new book by Chad Denton, Absolute Power, has a chapter on Queen Juana the Loca which gives a glimpse into the chaotic years of her life in the 1500's. Really fascinating.  Excerpts from the book are online. Just do a Google search.
moneypenny